Congedi parentali e di maternità/paternità: chi si prende cura dei minori?
di Matilde Casamonti
26 marzo 2021
In Italia sono le donne a farsi carico della maggior parte delle attività di cura dei minori. Tra il 2015 e il 2019, oltre l’80 per cento dei beneficiari dei congedi parentali erano donne. Si registrano comunque lenti miglioramenti. Tra il 2015 e il 2019, la quota di uomini che ha utilizzato un congedo parentale è aumentata dal 15 al 21 per cento. Anche i congedi di paternità, cioè i congedi esclusivi per i padri utilizzabili nelle vicinanze del parto, sono aumentati. Siamo comunque ancora molto lontani da una situazione ottimale.
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I congedi parentali in Italia
Tra il 2015 e il 2019 in media circa 320mila dipendenti del settore privato e agricolo hanno beneficiato del congedo parentale. Di questi, in media, l’82 per cento erano donne.[1] Durante il periodo c’è però stato un miglioramento: la percentuale di uomini sul totale dei beneficiari è aumentata dal 15 per cento nel 2015 al 21 per cento nel 2019 (fig.1).[2]
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)
I congedi vengono quindi utilizzati più dalle madri che dai padri. Inoltre, vengono utilizzati dalle donne per periodi più lunghi: nel 2015, in media, una lavoratrice in congedo ha beneficiato di 70 giorni di congedo contro i 30 giorni per un lavoratore (fig.2). La durata media dei congedi è scesa nel periodo, rimanendo comunque più elevata per le donne che per gli uomini (rispettivamente 58 e 25 giorni nel 2019, fig.2).
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Ancora non sono disponibili dati sull’utilizzo dei congedi parentali Covid introdotti per fornire un sostegno maggiore alle famiglie rispetto alle misure tradizionali. È però probabile che queste misure siano state utilizzate in grande maggioranza dalle madri lavoratrici, come suggerito dal fatto che, soprattutto nelle prime settimane dallo scoppio dell’emergenza, il numero di dimissioni volontarie è aumentato di più per le donne che per gli uomini.[3]
Congedi parentali: un confronto europeo
I congedi parentali in Europa (EU 27 membri) possono essere confrontati sotto tre profili:[4]
- Durata del congedo. In Austria, Romania, Repubblica Ceca, Estonia, Francia, Ungheria, Lettonia, Lituania, Slovacchia, Spagna e Germania, la durata dei congedi eccede i 2 anni (fig.3). In quasi tutti gli altri Stati membri la durata è inferiore ad un anno, tranne che in Bulgaria, Lussemburgo, Paesi Bassi, Portogallo, Danimarca e Svezia.
- Indennità garantita ai genitori. In Grecia, Cipro, Irlanda, Malta, Paesi Bassi e Spagna i genitori in congedo parentale non ricevono alcuna indennità. In Belgio, Italia, Francia e Slovacchia il contributo arriva solo al 30 per cento della retribuzione, mentre in Bulgaria, Lettonia e Lituania è un po’ più alto, tra il 30 e il 66 per cento. Il resto dei paesi garantisce ai genitori un’indennità superiore al 66 per cento della loro retribuzione.
- La presenza di incentivi o meno per l’utilizzo da parte dei padri. Austria, Croazia, Finlandia, Francia, Italia, Germania, Portogallo e Romania offrono una qualche forma di bonus (ad es. un congedo aggiuntivo) se i padri utilizzano il congedo parentale.
Nel complesso, il congedo parentale non appare molto generoso in Italia essendo inferiore all’anno e con un’indennità piuttosto bassa. L’incentivo concesso ai padri è peraltro piuttosto limitato.
I congedi di maternità e di paternità in Italia e in Europa
In quasi tutti i paesi europei, oltre al congedo parentale, ai genitori spetta anche un congedo di maternità o di paternità, ovvero un breve periodo di astensione dal lavoro a cavallo del parto, in cui viene garantita un’indennità elevata.[5] In Italia il congedo di maternità dura 5 mesi, in linea con la media europea, cioè circa 4 mesi e mezzo. L’indennità garantita in questo periodo è pari all’80 per cento della retribuzione. In Europa solo in Portogallo e Svezia non è previsto un congedo di maternità, che in pratica è però sostituito da generosi congedi parentali.[6]
Il congedo di paternità è stato introdotto in Italia nel 2012, sotto la spinta della Direttiva Europea 2010/18/UE. Inizialmente era stato previsto un congedo di solo un giorno, ma negli anni è stato progressivamente allungato, fino a 10 giorni per il 2021 con l’ultima legge di bilancio.[7] Tra il 2015 e il 2019 il numero di beneficiari di questo congedo è aumentato costantemente, da circa 83mila a 136mila (+64 per cento, fig.4).
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Quasi tutti i paesi europei hanno previsto un congedo per i padri, tranne Austria, Croazia, Germania, Lussemburgo e Slovacchia. Portogallo e Spagna sono i paesi con congedi di paternità più lunghi (5 e 12 settimane rispettivamente, fig.5). Con 7 giorni nel 2020 e, come si è detto, 10 giorni dal 2021, l’Italia è agli ultimi posti in Europa per durata del congedo di paternità.
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)
[1] Il congedo parentale consente ai genitori di astenersi dal lavoro, per ogni figlio/figlia, per un periodo di 6 mesi l’uno, ma con un massimo di 10 mesi per la famiglia (11 se il padre lavoratore si astiene dal lavoro per un periodo continuativo o frazionato di almeno tre mesi). Il congedo deve essere fruito nei primi 12 anni dalla nascita. Il congedo può essere fruito dai genitori anche contemporaneamente. Nei primi 6 anni dalla nascita, i genitori in congedo ricevono il 30 per cento del salario; dai 6 agli 8 anni, l’indennità è del 30 per cento del salario solo se il loro reddito non eccede 2,5 volte l'importo del trattamento minimo di pensione. Sopra gli 8 anni non c‘è una indennità. Vedi: https://www.inps.it/nuovoportaleinps/default.aspx?itemdir=50583.
[5] Solo in Irlanda i congedi di maternità e di paternità forniscono un contributo limitato, al di sotto del 66 per cento della retribuzione.
[6] In Portogallo esiste un periodo di congedo parentale iniziale che spetta per le prime tre settimane alla madre, il resto del congedo può essere ripartito tra i due genitori. In Svezia, invece, è obbligatorio per le donne prendersi due settimane prima o dopo il parto, tuttavia, per ricevere un’indennità devono far ricorso al congedo parentale.